Trinity College Dublin (Irish: Coláiste na Tríonóide, Bhaile Átha Cliath), abbreviated as Trinity or TCD, and officially titled The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, is the sole constituent college of the University of Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. Founded by Queen Elizabeth I in 1592 through a royal charter, it is one of the extant seven "ancient universities" of Great Britain and Ireland. Trinity contributed to the flourishing of Irish literature throughout the Georgian and Victorian eras, in addition to areas of the natural sciences, law, and medicine. Functionally largely synonymous with the University of Dublin, Trinity was founded to consolidate the rule of the Tudor monarchy in Ireland, with its first Provost, Adam Loftus, christening it after his alma mater, Trinity College, Cambridge. Built on the site of the former Priory of All Hallows demolished by King Henry VIII, it was the Protestant university of the Ascendancy ruling elite for two centuries, and thus was associated with social elitism for most of its history. Academically, Trinity has three faculties comprising 25 schools. The Royal Irish Academy of Music and the Lir Academy are affiliated institutions. Trinity College Dublin is one of the two sister colleges of both Oriel College, Oxford, and St John's College, Cambridge, and through mutual incorporation, the three universities share a unique academic relationship. The college contains several landmarks such as the Campanile, the GMB, and The Rubrics, as well as the historic Old Library. Trinity's legal deposit library serves both Ireland and the United Kingdom, and has housed the Book of Kells since 1661, the Brian Boru harp since 1782, and a copy of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic since 1916. A major destination in Ireland's tourism, the campus receives over two million visitors annually, and has been used as a location in movies and novels. The university was also involved in the First World War, noticeably in the Defence of Gallipoli at the Dardanelles. Trinity has produced many significant literary figures, including Oscar Wilde, Jonathan Swift, Bram Stoker, Samuel Beckett, Oliver Goldsmith, and J. S. Le Fanu; philosophers George Berkeley and Edmund Burke; and the writers of the Game of Thrones TV series. Trinity researchers invented the binaural stethoscope, hypodermic needle, steam turbine, linear algebra, and seismology; discovered clofazimine and avermectin; achieved the first artificial nuclear transmutation and nuclear reaction; and coined the term electron. Alumni and faculty include 14 Chief Justices of the Supreme Court, 56 Fellows of the Royal Society, eight Nobel laureates, and six Copley Medalists; as well as 65 Mitchell Scholars, 152 Laidlaw Scholars, 79 Fulbright Scholars, and 63 Olympic athletes. (from Wikipedia)